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 從市場發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢看，汽車(che)(che)電子技(ji)術的系統(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)集成(cheng)和智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)必然方(fang)向(xiang)，三個趨(qu)勢沿著汽車(che)(che)安全性、節能(neng)減排和舒適便捷/增強(qiang)性能(neng)三條主線發(fa)展(zhan)。而貫(guan)穿(chuan)這三條主線的技(ji)術主流則是(shi)汽車(che)(che)系統(tong)的電子化(hua)(hua)(hua)、系統(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、集成(cheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。          

汽車(che)電(dian)子三條主線(xian)         

1、汽車安全(quan)技術            

       汽(qi)車安(an)全性技(ji)術的(de)(de)市場和社(she)會需求(qiu)主要(yao)(yao)來源于三方面的(de)(de)因(yin)素：消費者(zhe)對(dui)安(an)全性的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、最新安(an)全法(fa)規(gui)的(de)(de)制定、駕駛員越來越分(fen)心。調(diao)查發(fa)現(xian)，57%的(de)(de)消費者(zhe)認為(wei)(wei)，幫助他(ta)們(men)防止偏離車道的(de)(de)駕駛員輔(fu)助系統或行車道導向系統是他(ta)們(men)購買汽(qi)車時要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)十分(fen)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)因(yin)素。為(wei)(wei)了(le)降低(di)汽(qi)車事(shi)故發(fa)生，很多國(guo)家已(yi)經制定了(le)各種法(fa)規(gui)對(dui)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)安(an)全性做出(chu)具體要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。           

       另一(yi)方面，智能手機、車(che)內娛樂系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)導航系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在車(che)上的(de)應用使(shi)(shi)駕駛員(yuan)越來(lai)越分心(xin)，使(shi)(shi)用不當就很有可能引發交通事故。因(yin)此，政府法規和(he)(he)用戶要求(qiu)決定(ding)了(le)市場的(de)發展規律，現(xian)代電子技術使(shi)(shi)避免事故和(he)(he)車(che)禍成為可能，或能夠大大降(jiang)低車(che)禍的(de)損失程度(du)，推動安(an)全(quan)性技術的(de)發展。             

       汽(qi)車(che)安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)技(ji)術可分為(wei)主(zhu)動安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)被(bei)動安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。主(zhu)動安(an)(an)全(quan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)指能夠預(yu)防事故發(fa)生的安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)技(ji)術如(ru)ABS/ESC，各種駕駛員輔助系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)如(ru)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)報(bao)警(jing)、車(che)道(dao)保持系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、盲點(dian)預(yu)警(jing)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)車(che)尾監視系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，胎壓(ya)監測系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(TPMS)、電(dian)(dian)動助力轉(zhuan)向系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(EPS)以及車(che)身電(dian)(dian)子安(an)(an)全(quan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng);被(bei)動安(an)(an)全(quan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)指用于事故發(fa)生后避免或(huo)降低(di)傷亡程度的安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)技(ji)術如(ru)安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)、安(an)(an)全(quan)氣囊、側翻(fan)乘客保護系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。           

2、汽(qi)車節能(neng)減排電子技(ji)術           

       對(dui)于傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)來說，包(bao)括(kuo)發動(dong)機電(dian)(dian)子控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)自動(dong)變速器(ECAT)、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和車(che)(che)輛啟動(dong)/停止(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等。而對(dui)于新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)而言，汽車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)子控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術是實(shi)現新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)的基本(ben)技術條件，反過(guo)來新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)的發展給汽車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)來了(le)更多新(xin)(xin)的機會，包(bao)括(kuo)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機和驅動(dong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)池和電(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(BMS)、整車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、熱管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、EPS或線控(kong)(kong)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)量回收系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等。            

3、舒適便捷/增強系(xi)統性能            

       乘坐舒(shu)適、網(wang)絡信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化和系統(tong)(tong)性能(neng)改善(shan)也是汽車(che)(che)(che)系統(tong)(tong)電子(zi)化的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)：車(che)(che)(che)身控制模(mo)塊(kuai)(BCM)：汽車(che)(che)(che)內(nei)部車(che)(che)(che)身上(shang)的(de)(de)控制模(mo)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡化集成，包括(kuo)車(che)(che)(che)門、車(che)(che)(che)窗、雨(yu)刮器、大(da)燈、座(zuo)椅控制、除(chu)霧/除(chu)霜等(deng)(deng)(deng);車(che)(che)(che)載(zai)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)系統(tong)(tong)(Telematics)即車(che)(che)(che)聯網(wang)：汽車(che)(che)(che)與(yu)外界網(wang)絡連(lian)接。電話、GPS導航、實(shi)時交(jiao)通信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、上(shang)網(wang)、遠程故障(zhang)診斷/防盜、娛樂、C2C通信(xin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)使汽車(che)(che)(che)成為一臺“移動(dong)(dong)網(wang)絡終端”的(de)(de)各種電子(zi)模(mo)塊(kuai);智(zhi)能(neng)導航/智(zhi)能(neng)交(jiao)通系統(tong)(tong)(ITS)：可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)目(mu)標(biao)監控、調(diao)(diao)度以(yi)及道(dao)路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通信(xin)息(xi)(xi)服務(wu)、車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)輔助導航等(deng)(deng)(deng)。系統(tong)(tong)可(ke)獲(huo)取(qu)沿途天(tian)氣、前(qian)方道(dao)路(lu)(lu)車(che)(che)(che)流量、交(jiao)通事故、交(jiao)通堵塞等(deng)(deng)(deng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，根據(ju)駕駛員提供(gong)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)數據(ju)項(xiang)，提供(gong)距離最短且能(neng)繞開車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)密度相(xiang)對集中(zhong)處(chu)的(de)(de)最佳行駛路(lu)(lu)線，實(shi)現(xian)智(zhi)能(neng)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)輔助導航。其(qi)他(ta)：如自(zi)動(dong)(dong)空調(diao)(diao)控制系統(tong)(tong)、車(che)(che)(che)內(nei)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)消除(chu)技(ji)術等(deng)(deng)(deng)。        汽車(che)(che)(che)電子(zi)三大(da)主(zhu)流技(ji)術           

       汽(qi)車上的電控(kong)單元越來越多，嵌入式(shi)系統集成控(kong)制技術、計算機技術和網(wang)絡技術的發展(zhan)和成熟，使(shi)汽(qi)車電子控(kong)制系統的一體化集成、網(wang)絡化和智能化成為汽(qi)車技術發展(zhan)的必然趨(qu)勢。            

1、一體(ti)化集(ji)成。協調和加強(qiang)汽車系(xi)統(tong)的(de)安全性(xing)、燃油(you)經濟性(xing)、操縱(zong)穩定性(xing)、舒適性(xing)等性(xing)能，提(ti)高汽車的(de)價值，降低總成本。當前(qian)最典型的(de)兩個集(ji)成領(ling)域在于底盤和動(dong)(dong)力傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)集(ji)成。        

2、網(wang)絡(luo)化。數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)快速交換、高可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)及低成本是對汽車(che)電子(zi)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)數據(ju)通信(xin)、信(xin)息共享和(he)各個系(xi)統(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)協調和(he)優化。            總線技術將(jiang)汽車(che)中各種(zhong)電控單元、智能(neng)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、智能(neng)儀表等連接起來，構成汽車(che)內部局域網(wang)，通過(guo)協議進行相互通信(xin)，實現(xian)各系(xi)統(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息等的(de)(de)(de)共享。主要(yao)優點(dian)包括：大(da)大(da)減(jian)少汽車(che)線束的(de)(de)(de)數量、連接點(dian)和(he)種(zhong)類，提高系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)和(he)可(ke)(ke)維護(hu)性(xing);采(cai)用通用傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，達到數據(ju)信(xin)息共享目的(de)(de)(de);改善系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)活性(xing)，即通過(guo)軟件(jian)可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)系(xi)統(tong)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化。       

3、智(zhi)能(neng)化。現代(dai)汽(qi)車(che)技(ji)術(shu)正朝著(zhu)更加主動智(zhi)能(neng)化趨勢的(de)(de)方向發展(zhan)，以(yi)達(da)到(dao)“人-車(che)-環境(jing)”的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)協調。智(zhi)能(neng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)主要特點是以(yi)技(ji)術(shu)彌補認為因素的(de)(de)缺陷，使得(de)即便在(zai)很復(fu)雜的(de)(de)道(dao)路環境(jing)情況下，能(neng)自(zi)動地(di)更精確(que)地(di)操控汽(qi)車(che)，使汽(qi)車(che)更安全(quan)，更舒適，更節能(neng)，性能(neng)更好，汽(qi)車(che)電子產品(pin)在(zai)整車(che)中的(de)(de)價值和效(xiao)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)進(jin)一步(bu)的(de)(de)提高。             

       智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)夠主(zhu)動協助(zhu)駕駛(shi)(shi)員采(cai)取必要的(de)動作，體現在系(xi)統(tong)必須具(ju)有(you)三(san)個(ge)方面的(de)特征，即具(ju)有(you)實(shi)時感知能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、判斷決策能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和操控執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。實(shi)際上，目前正(zheng)在開發的(de)具(ju)有(you)高(gao)度反應性的(de)駕駛(shi)(shi)員輔助(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)等(deng)(主(zhu)動安(an)全性系(xi)統(tong))都具(ju)有(you)相當高(gao)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)程度，例如：車道(dao)偏離防止(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)/車道(dao)保持系(xi)統(tong)、主(zhu)動碰(peng)撞避免系(xi)統(tong)、自適應巡航控制系(xi)統(tong)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)導航/智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)交通系(xi)統(tong)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)駕駛(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)-無人(ren)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽車、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)安(an)全氣(qi)囊等(deng)。